What is Charge ? and it's Properties.

What is Charge ? 

The internal properties of body by which electric field produce around it is called charge.

Some Important Point:

➤It is it is denoted by Q or q.

➤Its S.I unit is coulomb (C) or  Ampere second.

➤Its CGS unit is  e.s.u.

➤Its dimension is 【Q】or【AT】.

➤It is a scalar quantity.

➤Charge is  measured by "Gold leaf electroscope".

➤The bigger unit of charge is 'Friday'.

          1 F = 9 6500 coulomb

➤The smallest unit of charge is e.s.u 【electrostatic unit】.

1 absolute coulomb = 3×10⁹ stat C or esu
1 c charge = approx 6.24 x 10¹⁸ e, or  6.24 quintillion.

➤Charge is a conservative quality that means it can not be creat nor destroyed but it is transfer from one object to another. (Conservation of electric charge).

➤Mass exist without charge But charge can not exist without mass.

➤Like charges repel and unlike charges attract to each other as well as any charge particle attract to any uncharged particle.

➤If charge is in rest create electric and gravitational effect and if charge is in motion creates electric, magnetic and gravitational effect.

➤Accelerated Charge create energy.

Charge is integer multiple of number of electron and charge of one electron that is; (Quantum nature of charge) .

             [ Q = +,- n.e ]

        e = -1.602×10⁻¹⁹ C

-ve sign so that nature of charge.

n = number of electron.

e = charge of one electron.

Q = charge.

➤Charge cannot be depend on velocity.

Charge always obtain in quantised  that is not obtain in fraction.

➤Electric charge additive  that is total charge is the algebric sum of the indivisible charge.

➤Charge is produced  on the body due to follow of electron.

There are two types of charge:-

(1) positive charge.  [+ve]

(2) Negative charge.  [-ve]

【1】 Positive charge:-

The body which have number of proton is greater than number of electron then charge of body is called positive charge.

example:- Glass rod, Woolen cloth, Dry hair.

【2】 Negative charge:-

The body which have number of proton is less than number of electron then  charge of body is called negative charge. 

example:- Silk, Cloth, Comb, Rubber shoes.

Methods of producing of Charge. 

◆Friction Method:- 

When an object is charged by the rubbing of materials ( silk, fur, wollen ), this method of charging is called friction .

◆Conduction Method:- 

The charging of a body by direct contact with a charged body is called conduction.

◆Induction Method:- 

Charging a body by bringing a charged body near it, is called induction.

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Team Fast2study