Sources of Energy - Energy Explained by Fast2study

Sources of Energy :

 The energy provides by the natural things and artificial things are called sources of energy.

Classification of sources of Energy

There are two types of sources of energy:-

(1) Renewable sources of energy: Those source of energy which is inexhaustible that is which can be replaced as we used them and can be used to produce energy again and again, are called Renewable sources of energy.

        This energy is available in an unlimited amount in nature.

E.g:- Solar energy, water energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc….

Advantages of Renewable source of energy:-

• The source will remain until the earth will be revising light from the sun.

• This source is available free in nature.

• The source does not produce any type of pollution.

(2) Non-Renewable sources of energy:- Those sources of energy which are exhaustible and cannot be replaced once they have been used is called non-renewable sources of energy.

E.g:-  coal, petroleum and natural gas, etc.. are also called fossil fuels.

Disadvantages of Non-renewable sources of energy:-

• It has been exhausting due to excess use.

• This source of energy pollutes the environment on a large scale.

Classification of Source of Energy on the Basic of Time

Conventional source of energy:- Those source of energy which is extensively and meets a major person of our energy requirement is called a conventional source of energy.

E.g:-  fossil fuels, biomass, etc...

Non-conventional source of energy :-  Those sources of energy which are not used as extensively and meet our energy requirement only one a limited scale is called Non- conventional source of energy.

E.g:- Solar energy, Wave energy, Geothermal energy, Wind energy, etc…

Fossil fuel:- Fossil fuel is the carbon-containing substance which found from the remains of the organism (plant & animal) that lives millions of years ago and where buried deep in the interior of the earth.

E.g:- Coal (fossil of big plant), Petroleum( fossil of small plants and animals).

Biomass:- The material contained in the bodies of plants and animals is called Biomass.

Biogas:- The mixture of methane(CH₄) , carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen(H₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is called Biogas.

NOTE:- The main component of biogas is Methane ( 65%  or 75% )

Fuels:- The substance which produce heat energy by burning or oxidation in the air is called fuels.

E.g:- Coil, wood, Kerosene, Diesel, Petrol, Cooking gas (L.P.G).

( L.P.G is good fuels )

Also Read:

• Force on a Dielectric in a Capacitor.
• What is Coulomb’s Law and some related important point.
• Write the properties of Conductor.
• What is charge and also described properties of charge.
• Heating Effect of Electric Current
• Define and Explain Radioactive Element and Radioactivity

Calorific Value of Fuel:- when one gram fuel burn in the presence of oxygen or air then the amount of heat involved in kilojoules is called the calorific value of that fuel.

Fuel	Calorific value
Dung cakes (uple)	6 – 8 KJ/g
Wood	17 KJ/g
Coal	25 – 30 KJ/g
Charcoal	33 KJ/g
Alcohol (ethanol)	30 KJ/g
Diesel (fuel oil)	45 KJ/g
Kerosene oil	48 KJ/g
Petrol	50 KJ/g
Biogas	35 – 40 KJ/g
Natural gas	33 – 50 KJ/g
Cooking gas (L.P.G )	50 KJ/g
Methane	55 KJ/g
Hydrogen gas	150 KJ/g

Ignition Temperature:-  The minimum temperature at which any fuel starts to burn is called the ignition temperature of that fuel.

Characteristics of an Ideal Fuel or Good Fuel:

• It should be easily available in plenty.
• It should a high calorific value.
• It should be cheap.
• It should be easy to handle and transport.
• It should have a low moister contain.
• It should have moderate combustion.
• It should have moderate ignition temperature.
• It should not have much ash.
• It should not cause pollution.
• It should have a moderate combination which can be easily started and stopped as desired.

Pollution:-  The addition of unwanted and harmful material to water, land, and air is called pollution.

Hydroelectricity:- The electricity produced by the kinetic energy of flowing water is called Hydroelectricity.

Hydroelectric or Hydro-power Plant:-  A plant which generates electricity on a large scale from flowing water is called a hydroelectric power plant.

              Flowing water is an important source of energy.

Advantages of Hydro Energy:

• The source of hydro energy is free and renewable.

• Harnessing the energy of flowing water is a pollution free process with no smoke, chemicals, etc.. being produced.

• The cost of electricity generation is low as compared to electricity generated from other types of power plants.

• Flowing water is a more renewable source of energy than wind energy.

• Hydroelectricity can be generated on a large scale from a single plant.

• Dams built for hydroelectricity plants also help in flood control and irrigation.

A Disadvantage of Hydra Energy:

• Large hydroelectric power plants are expensive to build.

• Not all rivers and not all areas are suitable for hydroelectric power generation.

• Dams built for large hydroelectric plants submerge a large area of land under water.

Wind Energy:- Energy obtained from wind is called the wind energy.

Wind Mill:- A windmill is a machine and devices which convert wind energy into mechanical energy or electrical energy.

Disadvantage/Limitation of wind Energy:

• A wind generator works only one wind or a least 15 km/ hour.

• It is a dependable source of energy because some time the air is absolutely still and at other times these are strong.

• It is expensive to set up wind from generating electricity because wind forms need a large area.

Solar Energy:- The energy related by the sun in the form of heat and light is called solar energy.

Solar Constant:- The energy received from the sun in one second by the unit square meter area of the outer edge of Earth's atmosphere exposed perpendicular to the radiation of Sun at an average distance between the earth and the sun is called solar constant.

        The value of solar constant is  1.36 KJ/second-m² or 1.36 kW/m².

Solar Cooker:- It is a device which is used to cook food by utilizing the heat energy radiation coming from the sun.

 There are mainly two types of solar cooker:

1.  Box-type solar cooker
2.  Concave reflector type of solar cooker

Solar Cells:- A device which directly converts solar energy into electrical energy is called solar cells.

       A simple solar cell consists of a sandwich of a “silicon-boron” layer and a “silicon-arsenic” layer.

 [ Give 0.7 w current ]

Solar Panel:- A group of solar cells connected in certain pattern to produce described potential difference is called solar panel.

Uses of Solar Cells:

• In artificial satellites.

• Operating traffic signals, watches, calculators and toys.

• Radio and TV station.

Geothermal Energy:-  Geothermal energy is the heat energy from hot rocks present inside the Earth.

             This heat can be used as a source of energy to produce electricity.

Geothermal energy is one of the few sources of energy that do not come directly or indirectly from solar energy.

Ocean Thermal Energy:-  The energy available due to the difference in the temperature of water at the surface of the ocean and at dipper levels is called Ocean thermal energy.

          The Ocean thermal energy can be converted into a useable form energy like electricity.

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Team Fast2study